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Compare Togo (2001) - Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2001)

Compare Togo (2001) z Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2001)

 Togo (2001)Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2001)
 TogoHeard Island and McDonald Islands
Administrative divisions 5 regions (regions, singular - region); De La Kara, Des Plateaux, Des Savanes, Du Centre, Maritime -
Age structure 0-14 years:
45.63% (male 1,179,650; female 1,171,748)

15-64 years:
51.92% (male 1,302,197; female 1,373,247)

65 years and over:
2.45% (male 54,651; female 71,595) (2001 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish -
Airports 9 (2000 est.) -
Airports - with paved runways total:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2 (2000 est.)		 -
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
7

914 to 1,523 m:
5

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)		 -
Area total:
56,785 sq km

land:
54,385 sq km

water:
2,400 sq km		 total:
412 sq km

land:
412 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than West Virginia slightly more than two times the size of Washington, DC
Background French Togoland became Togo in 1960. General Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, is Africa's longest-serving head of state. Despite the facade of multiparty elections that resulted in EYADEMA's victory in 1993, the government continues to be dominated by the military. In addition, Togo has come under fire from international organizations for human rights abuses and is plagued by political unrest. Most bilateral and multilateral aid to Togo remains frozen. These uninhabited, barren islands were transferred from the UK to Australia in 1947. Populated by large numbers of seal and bird species, the islands have been designated a nature preserve.
Birth rate 37.04 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Budget revenues:
$232 million

expenditures:
$252 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997 est.)		 -
Capital Lome -
Climate tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north antarctic
Coastline 56 km 101.9 km
Constitution multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992 -
Country name conventional long form:
Togolese Republic

conventional short form:
Togo

local long form:
Republique Togolaise

local short form:
none

former:
French Togoland		 conventional long form:
Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands

conventional short form:
Heard Island and McDonald Islands
Currency Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States -
Death rate 11.24 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Debt - external $1.5 billion (1999) -
Dependency status - territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Karl HOFMANN

embassy:
Angle Rue Kouenou and Rue 15 Beniglato, Lome

mailing address:
B. P. 852, Lome

telephone:
[228] 21 29 91 through 21 29 94

FAX:
[228] 21 79 52		 none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Akoussoulelov BODJONA

chancery:
2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 234-4212

FAX:
[1] (202) 232-3190		 none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $201.1 million (1995) -
Economy - overview This small sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for 65% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Together, cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate some 40% of export earnings, with cotton being the most significant cash crop despite falling prices on the world market. In the industrial sector, phosphate mining is by far the most important activity. Togo is the world's fourth largest producer, and geological advantages keep production costs low. The recently privatized mining operation, Office Togolais des Phosphates (OTP), is slowly recovering from a steep fall in prices in the early 1990's, but continues to face the challenge of tough foreign competition, exacerbated by weakening demand. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. It continues to expand its duty-free export-processing zone (EPZ), launched in 1989, which has attracted enterprises from France, Italy, Scandinavia, the US, India, and China and created jobs for Togolese nationals. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has stalled. Progress depends on following through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress towards legislative elections, and possible downsizing of the military, on which the regime has depended to stay in place. Lack of foreign aid, deterioration of the financial sector, energy shortages, and depressed commodity prices continue to constrain economic growth; however, Togo did realize a 3% gain in GDP in 1999. The takeover of the national power company by a Franco-Canadian consortium in 2000 should ease the energy crisis and if successful legislative elections pave the way for increased aid, growth should rise to 5% a year in 2001-02. no economic activity
Electricity - consumption 511.6 million kWh (1999) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - imports 426 million kWh

note:
electricity supplied by Ghana (1999)		 -
Electricity - production 92 million kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
97.83%

hydro:
2.17%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mont Agou 986 m		 lowest point:
Southern Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Big Ben 2,745 m
Environment - current issues deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas NA
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements		 -
Ethnic groups native African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1% -
Exchange rates Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 699.21 (January 2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997), 511.55 (1996); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro -
Executive branch chief of state:
President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967)

head of government:
Prime Minister Agbeyome KODJO (since 29 August 2000)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 June 1998 (next to be held NA 2003); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Gnassingbe EYADEMA reelected president; percent of vote - Gnassingbe EYADEMA 52.13%, Gilchrist OLYMPIO 34.12%, other 13.75%		 -
Exports $336 million (f.o.b., 2000) -
Exports - commodities cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa -
Exports - partners Nigeria, Brazil, Canada, Philippines (1999) -
Fiscal year calendar year -
Flag description five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia the flag of Australia is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $7.3 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
42%

industry:
21%

services:
37% (1997)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 3.4% (2000 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 8 00 N, 1 10 E 53 06 S, 72 31 E
Geography - note - primarily used for research stations
Highways total:
7,520 km

paved:
2,376 km

unpaved:
5,144 km (1996)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 -
Illicit drugs transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers -
Imports $452 million (f.o.b., 2000) -
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products -
Imports - partners Ghana, China, France, Cote d'Ivoire (1999) -
Independence 27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship) -
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement; handicrafts, textiles, beverages -
Infant mortality rate 70.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.5% (2000 est.) -
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIPONUH, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO -
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 3 (2000) -
Irrigated land 70 sq km (1993 est.) 0 sq km (1993)
Judicial branch Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme -
Labor force 1.74 million (1996) -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (1998 est.) -
Land boundaries total:
1,647 km

border countries:
Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km		 0 km
Land use arable land:
38%

permanent crops:
7%

permanent pastures:
4%

forests and woodland:
17%

other:
34% (1993 est.)		 arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100%
Languages French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north) -
Legal system French-based court system the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 21 March 1999 (next due to be held NA October 2001)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPT 79, independents 2

note:
Togo's main opposition parties boycotted the election because of EYADEMA's alleged manipulation of 1998 presidential polling; in March of 1999, opposition parties entered into negotiations with the president over the establishment of an independent electoral commission and a new round of legislative elections, now scheduled for October 2001		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population:
54.35 years

male:
52.38 years

female:
56.38 years (2001 est.)		 -
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
51.7%

male:
67%

female:
37% (1995 est.)		 -
Location Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana Southern Africa, islands in the Indian Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica
Map references Africa Antarctic Region
Maritime claims exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
30 NM		 exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
3 NM
Merchant marine total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,603 GRT/2,800 DWT

ships by type:
specialized tanker 1 (2000 est.)		 -
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $27 million (FY96) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 2% (FY96) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
1,175,528 (2001 est.)		 -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
616,622 (2001 est.)		 -
National holiday Independence Day, 27 April (1960) -
Nationality noun:
Togolese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Togolese		 -
Natural hazards hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts Heard Island is dominated by a dormant volcano called Big Ben
Natural resources phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land none
Net migration rate 0.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -
Political parties and leaders Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Yawovi AGBOYIBO]; Coordination des Forces Nouvelles or CFN [Joseph KOFFIGOH]; Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA [Leopold GNININVI]; Party for Democracy and Renewal or PDR [Zarifou AYEVA]; Patriotic Pan-African Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA]; Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Gilchrist OLYMPIO (in exile), Jeane-Pierre FABRE, general secretary in Togo]; Union of Independent Liberals or ULI [Jacques AMOUZO]

note:
Rally of the Togolese People or RPT, led by President EYADEMA, was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991		 -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 5,153,088

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)		 uninhabited (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 32% (1989 est.) -
Population growth rate 2.6% (2001 est.) -
Ports and harbors Kpeme, Lome none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 4 (1998) -
Radios 940,000 (1997) -
Railways total:
525 km (1995)

narrow gauge:
525 km 1.000-m gauge		 -
Religions indigenous beliefs 59%, Christian 29%, Muslim 12% -
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.95 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.76 male(s)/female

total population:
0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.)		 -
Suffrage NA years of age; universal adult -
Telephone system general assessment:
fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile cellular system

domestic:
microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system; cellular system has capacity of 10,000 telephones

international:
satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Symphonie		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 25,000 (1997) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 2,995 (1997) -
Television broadcast stations 3 (plus two repeaters) (1997) -
Terrain gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes Heard Island - bleak and mountainous, with a quiescent volcano; McDonald Islands - small and rocky
Total fertility rate 5.32 children born/woman (2001 est.) -
Unemployment rate NA% -
Waterways 50 km (Mono river) none
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